![]() Therefore, we still need to explore a better therapeutic regimen for advanced squamous NSCLC. The standard treatment for advanced squamous NSCLC includes platinum-based doublet chemotherapy, such as taxane-platinum combination, which has poor efficacy. However, this advancement has not been achieved in squamous NSCLC given the lack of efficacy and there are currently no approved targeted agents for squamous NSCLC. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma whose tumor harbor specific gene mutations, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion, derive significant benefit from targeted agents, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and have better prognosis. Our analysis raises the hypothesis that anti-PD-1 antibody therapy in combination with chemotherapy may have superior efficacy compared to anti-PD-L1 antibody combination for patients with PD-L1 low/negative advanced squamous NSCLC.Īdenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma are two most common histological subtype of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For PD-L1 high patients, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab showed similar OS and PFS. For overall patients, pembrolizumab had significantly superior OS (hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval, 0.67, 0.47–0.94 P = 0.02) and numerically better PFS (HR, 0.79, 0.60–1.04 P = 0.10) than atezolizumab, while they had similar ORR, all cause AE and grade 3–5 AE. The clinical outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and adverse event (AE). Therefore, we performed an indirect comparison to explore the optimal choice of anti-PD-(L)1 treatment for advanced squamous NSCLC in combination with chemotherapy. ![]() atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) plus chemotherapy. However, there is no head-to-head comparison of pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) plus chemotherapy vs. Recent randomized phase III trials (KEYNOTE-407 and IMpower131) reported that adding anti-programmed death (ligand) 1 (anti-PD-(L)1) antibodies in combination with taxane-platinum improve the therapeutic efficacy for advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
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